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BRANCH OVERVIEW

Topology & fundamental groups

Continuity, deformation, and the algebra of loops.

← All branches · Each sheet includes definitions, theorems, applications, and exercises with hints and worked solutions.

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Topology & fundamental groups

Continuity, deformation, and the algebra of loops.

Topological spaces & homotopyStudy properties preserved by continuous deformation rather than by a particular distance.
The fundamental groupEncode the ways a based loop can wind around holes.
Coverings & van KampenLift loops upstairs, or assemble a fundamental group from overlapping pieces.